so i think that's a very important qualification and it's not happening at the speed of light is out in the wild with these versions in 2007 and then what would become is discovered and this is the most sophisticated that we have. so we need to take some of this letter happening at the speed of light. >> and it took like a year and a half to figure it out. >> exactly. and that is an important point. the surgical stride by a state-sponsored actor is a section of sophistication and i agree that they will happen less frequently. but within that, you start to

look at the commercial espionage realm and that is the bulk of this. in that realm, what we need to think about is the governments are inherently not dynamic or decentralized and therefore, they are not the right answer. the right answer to the problem is let's get the standard items norms of behavior and empower the private sector who has decentralized the dynamics to deal with this, much like the analogy where i grew up in texas, you have a local police force and the nypd and you don't always need a big government solution. and frankly, in this case, going back to the bank analogy, having

a private solution, responding as long as they meet the certification in the standards, government doesn't have to solve all of our problems and we can in fact solve it ourselves, that high-end dedicated attack is the realm of state-sponsored government and you heard general alexander say and he got in trouble for that we don't even have our act together or the cybercommand that has just now announced that they will have this and that they won't be ready until 2016. that the calvary is not coming, we are on our own and we have to have a global consensus and then in power with cyberpolice forces at the head of the problem. >> chat makes a great point.

while organizing the office of cyberteams, somebody did strike this at the olympic games. they may not have been organized as a team, but they had to operate someplace. so the gentleman with his hand up there, a microphone is coming to you. >> hello, i am from policy in focus and there's an aspect that you have talked about, we have seen how vulnerable the world system is too chaotic behavior and so just how formidable are those systems because you mentioned the speed of light. it seems that most of our financial system now is being run by computer programs and just how much chaos -- we have seen how much can be caused by a malfunctioning system. so, you know, could this be deliberate in the chaos theory? >> i think the question here is we have seen markets that know

how to implode on themselves and we have seen nasdaq shutdown without any outside help and supposing someone came around and actually -- i think it raises an interesting question, but i think it raises another question for you, which is we couldn't have imagined a world that was this interdependent. but yet you can pick out a bunch of societies all at one time if necessary. and we really do that ourselves with lehman brothers and bear stearns five years ago. tell us about the vulnerability of someone was trying to do a deliberately. >> there's no doubt. there have been a few instances over the past couple of months that some of you may remember. with a twitter account was

hacked and as a result, they said that the president had been tried out in something like that and i have a market effect immediately. but only for a few minutes. >> people can make a lot of money in a few minutes in this town. >> that is right. but it bounced back very quickly. that's an interesting situation. there's a lot of people that got a call there in the washington dc area about this. in just a quick point. what does it mean? if we look at science, it's an interesting pattern that we are getting used to. we are not really in denial itself, but we are just taking it down for a couple of hours.

but you asked them in the major banks are worried. it is costing them millions of dollars per minute and with others, what we have seen is the shift from self-destruction and what is going on against wells fargo, bank of america, citibank, each of the attacks to steal money or intellectual property, these are direct attacks specifically for this, which is shaking the confidence of our system and you'd think about it on any given day, all of it, going to the bank, tomorrow to take out money, no bank can withstand that. so it's a great question and that is politics by another means, an act of war. >> if there's no more questions, we will go to one more here.

and i'm not a mother that we don't know if it's the same or a different anonymous, a question. if the only problem here is that your company has a chinese name, cisco has been known to help china build its firewalls. and have you thought about changing her name to something else? >> to the first part of the question, i think that the balance of the challenge that we have faced because we have a heritage in china, it is stunning to me at times to explain to someone that it's a 35 billion-dollar company and trusted globally and up to

$35 billion, one third of all the huawei gear comes from american suppliers, at like $7 billion worth of procurement last year and is stunning to many. but people cannot grasp that. so yes, a great deal of this is a fundamental misunderstanding of what it means to be an international company with this heritage. if you read the senate report and so forth. it has links to the chinese military and where the founders of the company have talked. >> that's hogwash. and you know, i thought that that might come up, and i thought about bringing in something about this tall, a 20 page report, with every bit of information, but i didn't want us to be distracted. and no, it is a fundamental part

of the asia society and that is part of what we are here to do, to increase understanding of an area across different cultures and there's a fundamental misunderstanding of what it means to be a multinational with a heritage in china. and let me ask you the reverse question. was there any similar concerns in time that you are aware of that they were buying into the system to which you were a part of? >> i mean, i cannot speak for the concerns on that side, but you also have to keep in mind that the terminal, whether it is a pc or tablet or phone or what have you, it has not attracted the same attention as the access to the network in the corner.

>> okay. >> and if you think about the name, say toyota, my grandmother used to buy japanese cars and imagine some of your parents today, i think we view toyota is a trusted brand with multiple individuals across the united states, and part of our closest allies are in japan. what is fascinating about that analogy is we did have to look at forcing the japanese to comply with rules and other things. >> yes, we even rented a toyota, and we got a lawyer to break down the whole car, we assembled it and we didn't have to buy it but the point began to get into compliance and play by the global rules and now they are a trusted partner with it. >> certainly what the cia was

doing with the federal trade commission with this. >> was part of the economic research with the cia. it was very sophisticated. >> will be interesting if you could see the cia parking lot. [laughter] okay, very good. [inaudible conversations] >> hello, i run a company specializing in negotiation and i would like to talk about the ip backside and recently we have engaged in a chinese entity regarding access of american technology and the american company got no satisfaction in the chinese court system and the chinese company i.t. export the same technology where they did run into legal trouble than it was the fbi that was being sued

but it's a multimillion dollar lawsuit against the chinese. does that offer any sort of optimism or glimmer of hope that there may be a market or a legal way of addressing cyberespionage >> who would like to take that? >> it is a subsidiary of this, which is essentially being bribed and the good old-fashioned way to deliver information to chinese companies. so it's not a case of espionage, it is actually a very important human element. because of that.

>> are you talking about american superconductors? >> that is a different case. that is a case that involves a wind turbine technology. so i think the fundamental point of your question as was said earlier, if we can work together to raise global standards and legal standards, the chinese have an equal interest in making sure that ultimately because they are going to have this intellectual property that needs to be protected and enforced, but that type of regime is critical in their groups like harvard and wharton that are working hard to promote the chinese leadership and how critical this type of a legal more minutes. >> and when a company like this becomes a global leader, with one of the world's largest intellectual rights property holders, that helps you drive a

broader and a more global respect for the protection of intellectual property rights. >> okay, we're down to our last two minutes. while the asia society does not endorse cyberwarfare, they said that if i do run over the time. , they would wipe my iphone clean before i leave the state. [laughter] 's we will end with a question from austria. to assess, isn't the use of cyberwarfare dislike using special operations and a tool of the trade? let me expand on the question. there was a time in the 1950s when dwight eisenhower publicly said that nuclear weapons were another problem and over time we

have decided, or he decided, quietly. but it really wasn't just a tool of the trade, but because it was so uncontrollable he would not use it. so what happens when we asked that same question in all that was laid out at the beginning for us? with espionage, with attacks on infrastructure with a political tool. can you imagine a situation where we all agree to take sides outside of our arsenal? >> i'm not sure. we are engaged and i think that this is a better question for both the academic and others. >> you're caught in the crossfire in a very good point. we are visiting unfairly in the

crossfire. >> we can't imagine someone deliberately using this kind of tool. so what would really be worse in dealing with this case? >> the israelis did on their way to redecorate the syrian reactor in 2007. >> the outgoing secretary has made a suggestion to introduce this. a huge compilation and an outcry among the veterans. people that are just, you know,

playing or tapping code, they should get a medal that is higher than the purple heart and chuck hagel is a veteran himself. so the point is that it is a means to talk about this, which they are doing and we have to respect the people who are experiencing mass. >> you get the last word because we are right up against the time. so it must be a brief last words so we have not unilaterally disarm the weapons to kind of begin this and it will mark a milestone in this range. so at the end of the day, in the same way that we came very close to a nuclear holocaust in 1963.

.. thank you for coming. [applause]

it is in flagrant violation of international law. consequently, one of our most pressing security rules is to -- goals is to roll back the threat posed by north korea's nuclear and other wmd programs. to that end we are prepared for , negotiations. provided that they are authentic get at the entirety , of north korea's nuclear program. it must result in concrete and irreversible steps forward the nuclearization. pyongyang's attempt to engage in dialogue while keeping critical elements of its weapons programs running are not acceptable. they will not succeed. we will continue to join with international partners,

especially china, to increase pressure on north korea to denuclearize. we will do what is necessary to defend ourselves and our allies. against any threat from north korea and will maintain and expand if necessary, both national and multilateral sanctions against north korea. there will continue to be costs for future provocations. pyongyang has a choice. on one hand lies greater isolation and crippling economic privatization. on the other hand, a true chance for peace, development and global integration. another growing threat to regional peace and security and to u.s. interests is the rise of

maritime disputes in the east china sea and the south china sea. we aim to help governments in the region to communicate better with one another so that incidents at sea do not unintentionally sparked wider conflicts. we encourage all parties to reject aggression and be in accordance with international law and norms and establish these full -- peaceful democracies. a good first step would be progress on a code of conduct for the south china sea. how the nations and institutions of the asia-pacific manage these disputes will be a harbinger of their ability to shape their

shared security future. indeed, many of asia's most vexing security challenges are transnational security threats. those that transcend borders like climate change, piracy, infectious diseases, transnational crimes, cyber theft, and the modern-day slavery of human trafficking. no one nation can meet these challenges alone. that is in part why we are increasing our engagement with regional institutions like the association of southeast asian nations and the east asia summit. these groups allow nations to develop ideas, share best practices, address disputes constructively, and nurture responsibility. asia's regional institutions are essential to delivering more effective solutions than any one

nation can muster on its own. these security goals constitute one key element of our asia- pacific strategy, yet we have an equally essential economic agenda in the region. by the end of 2016, we aim to transform our economic relations with the region through dramatically increased u.s. exports, implementation of the most ambitious american free trade agreement in a decade, and closer cooperation with china, india, and other emerging economies in pursuit of sustained global growth. our own economic future is inextricably linked to that of the asia-pacific. a full quarter of the goods and services exported by the united states are bound for asia. a percentage of our imports come

-- about 30% of our imports come from that region. more than one million americans serve -- we are committed to growing these numbers while making sure benefits are broadly shared. as a pacific nation the united , states is working to shape a more dynamic future for the entire region by promoting u.s. businesses and forging new ties of commerce. asia needs open and transparent economies and regional support for international economic norms. if it is to remain a world i'm -- a worldwide engine of economic growth.

driving a global economic recovery that creates jobs in the u.s. and addressing the -- and addresses the kinds of trade and balance a second tbd to the economic meltdown in the first place will require hard work on both sides of the pacific -- and balance to the economic meltdown in the first place will require hard work on both sides of the pacific. for the countries in asia commenting shifting focus from overseas markets to strengthening of their domestic sources of demand. and for most economical in the region is concluding negotiations for that transpacific partnership. the 12 nations that are part of p negotiations represent

more than 40% of global trade. the rules that we establish through this agreement accepts the standards for future trade agreements. this will help level the playing field for everyone. it will promote workers rights and environmental protections and build a stronger safeguards for intellectual property, improving economic conditions for everyone and not just the few. we welcome any nation that is willing to live up to the high standards of this agreement to join and share the benefits of includes china.

the tpp can be the core of a far broader agreement expanding to countries across the asia- pacific. to help realize that vision, we are working to negotiate a series of agreements that will put these countries in a better position to join high standard agreements. it represents a $2.5 billion economic block that contains some of the fastest growing countries in asia, as well as some of its poorest. helping these dynamic economies improve their policies on key issues like investment principles will benefit them. it will also foster an even greater trade and investment climate and opportunities for the united states in southeast asia. by 2030, india is projected to

have the largest population of any country in the world and the third largest economy. during the past decade, the u.s. and india have developed a valued global partnership. president obama aims to make the next decade even more transformative. from the look east policy to india's contribution to maritime security and it's expanding involvement in regional organizations, together our nations launched a new clean energy partnership, mobilizing millions of dollars in private or public investment for solar, wind, and alternative projects in india. our governments have joined the private sector earners in both

-- the private sector partners in both countries to launch a $2 billion infrastructure debt fund. it is the first of hopefully many future funds meant to attract financing for indian infrastructure projects. we look forward to deepening our cooperations across the broad spectrum of our relationship. the united states also seeks to elevate our economic relationship with china in the years ahead. last week, china's leaders announced plans for sweeping reform that if realized could go a long way toward leveraging -- leveling the playing field and moving china's economy toward market principles. that is an opportunity we must seize. even as we increase trade we

, will continue insisting on tangible progress in areas that matter to u.s. businesses and workers. these include china continuing to move toward a market determined exchange rate, increasing u.s. access to chinese markets, and bolster protections for u.s. companies and intellectual property rights and trade secrets, especially against state-sponsored cyber theft. cyber enabled espionage hurts china as well as the united states because american businesses are increasingly concerned about the costs of doing business in china. if meaningful action is not taken now, this behavior will undermine economic relationship that benefits both of our nations.

as the world's two largest energy consumers, energy producers, and greenhouse gas emitters, the united states and china have a duty to lead together to tackle climate change and spur the global transition to a low carbon energy future. last june, president obama and xi reached an agreement to reduce certain potent greenhouse gases. it will scale up successful technologies and policies run heavy-duty vehicles, smart grids, carbon capture, and sequestration. even that asian economies will be the strongest drivers of energy demand in the coming decades, how the region meets

its energy needs will have critical implications or global r global energy supply and climate change. we have a vested interest in shifting the global energy mix to cleaner, low carbon, and more efficient energy technology. as we work toward this goal in asia, we will partner with regional leaders in renewable and clean energy technology. in energy and in taiwan and japan and south korea, we are promoting cleaner burning natural gas to meet that energy demand with lower carbon alternatives. another key driver of economic growth and development is the expansion of women's participation in the workforce throughout the asia-pacific.

this single change has the potential to do the most a good -- the most good for the greatest number of people. in developed countries like japan, full participation in the workforce by women could increase per capita gdp by as much as 4%. it is no coincidence that in the philippines, where they are making strong progress to close the gender gap, it also has an -- it also has the fastest- growing economies in the region. the world economic forum has shown that those two factors are closely correlated.

smaller thethe gender gap, the stronger the economic growth. promoting shared prosperity are vital elements. so too is advancing respect for the rights and values we hold dear. since world war ii, the united states has played a key role in fostering one of the most significant developments of the past century -- that dance of -- the advance of democracy in asia. in the early years, we must help consolidate and expand democracy across asia to enable more people to participate fully in the political life of their country. the rapid change we have seen in burma in just the past two years is a portend of the possible. korea, burmarth was a pariah state ruled by

military and responsible for egregious violations of human rights. president obama took office and soon hundreds of burmese were put in prisons for merely exercising their right of free speech. that was until they chose another path. we have worked closely with the government and people of burma as they have made historic changes. today more than a thousand , political prisoners have and -- have been released. we're hoping it will help build an infrastructure head of the 2015 national election.

we are supporting a process of constitutional reform and national reconciliation. as burma moves toward greater openness and change, we are easing sanctions while encouraging responsible investment and robust support for the people and civil society activists who have suffered so long under the iron fist of the dictatorship. there's still a great deal of work ahead before burma fully transitions to democracy. the challenge of overcoming ethnic tensions and violence in predicting minorities will require persistent vigilance. but if progress continues, by the end of president obama second term, we hope to have

helped burma reestablish itself as a regional leader and as a thriving if nascent, prospering democracy. the steady work of political reform presses on in nations across the region. the united states will support those working to pry open the doors of democracy, even just a little wider from cambodia to fiji. we will continue to help nations strengthen institutions to uphold justice and the rule of law to meet the basic needs of their people. working with the open government partnership in the community of democracy will help protect civil society and support its to shape the region's development. we will combat the corruption that makes it so difficult for ordinary citizens running for office start a business or even

just send their kids to school. in every region and in every country, we will strive to improve protections for ethnic and religious minorities. we can help nations see the diversity of their peoples as a source of deep strength. fidelity to our values will guide us as we pursue closer relations with the countries of the asia-pacific, including those with which we differ. we will continue to champion the freedom to speak one's mind and the ability to access information freely and practice one's faith without fear. speak out when governments toss aside basic rights and freedoms which are the birthright of every human being. that brings me to our last set of goals, helping improve the well-being of the region's most

vulnerable people. they share the same desire for dignity as all mankind. we want an asia-pacific and -- an asia-pacific region in which poverty continues to decline. citizens are healthier. children are educated. environment is protected. and women can participate fully and equally and fully in their societies. we are working in partnership with countries throughout the region to give life to that vision. we know that we can fight and reduce preventable child deaths and approve security across the asia-pacific. we have seen real progress in all of these areas over the last five years. further progress is possible where countries demonstrate the political will to invest in their own development and step

up to do big things together. our feed the future program has helped more than 400,000 rice farmers throughout the region increased their yields to the more efficient use of fertilizer. through the partnership for growth, we are working with the philippines to strengthen the country's foundation for economic development while improving their ability to mitigate future disasters. throughout the pacific islands, we are partnering to address challenges ranging from rapid population growth to reducing high poverty and unemployment rates. we are working with indonesia and others to craft a measurable ambitious development agenda for the world in 2015 and beyond. with smart come a target targetedmart,

investments, entries in the asia-pacific are leading dramatic improvements in development. we are increasingly focused on a threat presented by pandemics. for example, we are working closely with bangladesh on our joint pledge to end preventable child deaths and we are collaborating with indonesia to improve maternal and infant health in rural communities. america has a stake in asia's beildren, growing up to do

productive members of society. we are working especially nations -- with nations on this goal. equally, we have an economic as well as a world stake in elevating women as full partners in every facet of the asia- pacific. therefore we are helping to prevent and respond to gender- based violence and to combat the scourge of human trafficking. to the equal futures partnership, were joining with countries across the region world bank, united nations, and world bank, united nations, and others to advance reforms to , promote more opportunities for women to participate in the political and economic life of their countries.

in burma, cambodia, thailand, vietnam, where helping women and their countries better manage natural resources and respond to pandemics and promote educational reform and improve food security. finally, we will do more to help sustainable growth by protecting the environment and conserving asia's natural resources when implementing measures to help communities adapt to the impact of climate change. we are redoubling efforts to protect wildlife and endangered species. our planet, as we know, is a non-renewable source. it supports some 7 billion people.

half of them in the asia- pacific. we have a duty to those who will inherit this earth to put in place practices that will sustain and improve life for future generations. i would like to end today by highlighting a place for all of these elements -- is security, alliances, economic ties, development, universal values -- have recently come together in a major manifestation of america's commitment to the region. the philippines is our oldest ally in asia. our nations are forever bound by the blood we shared together, -- we shed the families we built together the families we built together, and the history we , have made together. last week, a super typhoon slammed into the philippines, leaving thousands dead and millions more in dire need of assistance. as president obama said, when

our friends are in trouble, america helps. we are on the ground. pacific command moves into action. we have put hundreds of marines from oakland now out on the ground almost immediately -- from okinawa out on the ground almost immediately to help with the rescue. led george, the u.s. washington strike group arrived with helicopters, water purification capacity and medical services and equipment to clear roads to outlying areas. over the weekend, joining with unicef, we were able to help the philippine government bring

tacloban's water purification and production systems back online. it is now providing clean drinking water to more than 275,000 people. we are cooperating seamlessly with allies in the region, particularly japan and us chile who have stepped up to help a neighbor in need -- japan and australia who have stepped up to help a neighbor in need. recovery will be a long process. the united states will stand beside the philippines every step of the way. getting back to work and rebuilding homes and schools. our pledge to the philippines reflects our broader pledge to people of that asia-pacific. america's commitment will not expire a few months or a few years from now.

the united states will be there reliable, constant, strong, and steady for the long haul. together with the people of the asia-pacific we will continue to share security and prosperity , and human dignity that we all cherish. thank you all very much. [applause] >> thank you, ambassador rice, for the comprehensive and visionary statement. it comes at a very important time. thank you. if you have a few minutes and are able to take a couple of questions from our students -- i

apologize to the audience. given the time constraint, we have collected questions in advance. the first question comes from drew. he is a first-year master student in the program. his question is on china and japan. he asks, besides adopting a policy, is there anything else the u.s. can do in regards to the island disputes between china and japan? to what extent can we serve as a mediator on this issue? or how can we help sino-japanese relations in general. ? >> that is a very important question. indeed we are very focused on the dispute over the islands. the u.s. does not take a position on the question of sovereignty, for the fact of the matter is we have a stake in

avoiding conflict and helping china and japan ovoid any escalations and to find peaceful, diplomatic ways to address their disputes. we are encouraging that two sides do have open channels that will enable them to avoid the risk of unintended escalations in the event of a misunderstanding or miscommunication. we are encouraging them to work on this issue with an understanding of the risk s involved and the necessity of avoiding any kind of conflict that would be disastrous are only for those countries, but the broader region and the global economy. >> the second question is on korea. this comes from sam who is a senior. he asks, what steps, if any, can administration take in the remaining years of president

obama's second term to restart the six party talks? how do you think negotiations with iran would impact the north korean issue? >> let me start with iran and come back to north korea. we do not know yet. we will learn in the next two days how the current round of talks between the p5 plus 1 are negotiating with iran. the last round yielded significant progress, but not a resolution. the p5 plus 1 remains united. on the table is what we consider to be a very reasonable and well crafted first step initiative. that first step would be for a six-month period to buy time and space for comprehensive negotiation that could resolve iran's nuclear problem.

the reason to buy that time and space is because without this interim agreement, there would be no rate on iran -- no break on iran continuing with its nuclear program while it talks and perhaps drags out talks. this interim step would halt all progress in iran's nuclear row graham and roll back its program in some key respects. centrifuges, enrichment, and it will give the international community unprecedented transparency into all aspects of the iranian nuclear program. now, whether it comes to pass remains to be seen. that would be a good first step but if it werethat would be a good first step two, for the united states because it would enable us to test the prospects

of a peaceful solution. -- peaceful resolution, which is what we sought to the application of very tough sanctions. at the same time, it would give international community greater insight into the nature of this program while altering its -- while halting its progress and rolling it back. if such an agreement were reached, now turning to north korea what important lessons , does that have for north korea? if that agreement is reached, it would have been a product in large part because of the concerted pressure that the members of the international community had applied. particularly through broad sweeping economic sanctions. it will be the product of cooperative effort over years between the united states, france, britain, russia, china, and germany.

the fact that the p5 plus 1 have hung together, it might have created an opening. in the case of north korea, we have had similar unity and economic pressure. china and the united states have stepped up increasing the pressure on north korea. north korea has not made a decision. partly, perhaps because it begins from such a lower economic race. open, in fact, to the international community then is iran. it is important to come to the negotiating table in earnest. we are no more interested in talking for talking's sake with

north korea than we would be with iran. it has got to be -- given the past history of north korea -- a serious engagement if we are to do this again. north korea knows exactly what it needs to do to demonstrate that it is serious. we remain open to the resumption of negotiations. we are open and have bilateral channels for communication with north korea, but north korea has to make the fundamental choice that it is serious about denuclearization. the five countries in the six -- and the six parties, the members of the security council have been very clear about what is necessary.

we will see if north korea chooses to take that opportunity , which could lead in the context of denuclearization to lead to a different world, or to continue on that path it is on, in which the pressure will >> the last question is from a first-year masters student. i am very interested to know what dr. rice's take on the newly established chinese state security committee. suppose this committee had the rice were tor. meet her new counterpart what , would she say to him or her? [laughter] >> i think we need to wait and see exactly the nature of the responsibility this new security

council will have. the nature of its leadership. it is an interesting potential development and if i have a formal chinese counterpart, i will look forward to working with him. i suspect maybe not a her. to work on that pantheon of issues that we deal with every day in china. in the absence of that structure, we still have very regular and open channels with chinese counterparts. with many of those closest to the leadership who work on core national security. it would be nice if there was a structure that would accelerate and coordinate chinese foreign policy and national decision-

making and facilitate the kind of collaboration that we enjoy in here, most days, in the united states. thank you very much. [applause] >> if i could ask you all to stay in your seats so ambassador rice can leave the building, that would be helpful. thank you. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2013] [captioning performed by national captioning institute] >> on august 9, 1974, vice president ford was sworn in as president of the united states. -- this is addressed

that mrs. ford was wearing. she was less than excited about the coming first lady, but president ford encouraged her, saying we can do this. she resolved that if i'm going to do this, i'm going to have fun doing it. and the fun started almost immediately. within 10 days she had a state dinner to entertain king hussein of jordan. it was something that she had to put therefore in her role as first lady as she hit the ground running. >> first lady betty ford monday and c-spanon c-span three. also on c-span radio and c- span.org. >> c-span, we bring public affairs of its from washington directly to you, putting you in the room at congressional hearings, white house events, briefings and conferences, and offering complete gavel-to-gavel coverage of the u.s. house, all as a public service of private industry.

we are c-span, created by the cable industry 34 years ago and funded by your local and cable or satellite provider. now you can watch us in hd. >> next is a discussion about digital technology and its impact on journalism. cambridge, massachusetts, this is an hour and 20 minute. >> thank you, alex. that may be a metaphor too i far, raising the veil on the riptide. will do my best. i want to thank some people. mostly i want to thank alex jones for making the fellowship the best possible destination for a journalist seeking sanctuary, perspective, re- inspiration, and great company. i am speaking for both of us when we say that. it is a great place.

for making it work also smoothly. nancy palmer, janel sims. it feels like a home away from home and all three of us are happy to be home. to explain riptide ever so it feels great. to explain riptide ever so briefly. how it came to be. three world where he executives -- three world-weary executives washup on the shores of harvard university, all looking for a nest on the ground and trying to avoid all the work that would be involved in running to write a -- in having to write a 15 page white paper. that seemed like far too much for us. [laughter] an internet journalism pioneer, digital reference there at "the new times" for several years paul sagan, a . second-generation journalist